{"id":985,"date":"2021-09-14T11:39:48","date_gmt":"2021-09-14T09:39:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/hodlers-holzfaeller\/maltechnik\/"},"modified":"2022-08-26T09:25:57","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T07:25:57","slug":"technique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/en\/hodlers-holzfaeller\/technique\/","title":{"rendered":"Painting technique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"dt_header-block alignfull\" style=\"background-color: #bca58e; color: #FFFFFF;\">\n  <h2 class=\"dt_header-block__title\">\u201cCheck the measurements!\u201d\n<\/h2>\n\n  <div class=\"dt_header-block__content\">\n    <p>Ferdinand Hodler did not simply rely on his eye, he checked the measurements of his models and landscapes. And he used different copying methods so as to produce his paintings efficiently.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"727\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-1024x727.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-526\" title=\"\u00a9 Sammlung Fotostiftung Schweiz\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-1024x727.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-860x611.jpg 860w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-420x298.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-1380x980.jpg 1380w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-255x181.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier-530x376.jpg 530w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hodler-dachatelier.jpg 1490w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Anonymous, Hodler painting the <em>Reaper<\/em> on the roof of his studio, rue du Rh\u00f4ne, Genf ca. 1910<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>Ferdinand Hodler was meticulous in his approach to his motifs, after all, his main concern was to reproduce nature precisely. In the interests of his pictorial ideas he tried out and measured up several models. And he also urged his artist-colleagues to check the measurements. There is evidence that for <em>The Woodcutter<\/em> he tested a younger and an older worker.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-white-color has-text-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#0e703f\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-plain is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>\u201cHodler stood und front of a young lady in his shirt sleeves fidgeting with his compass&nbsp; \u2026 around her face in a way that could scare you.\u201d<\/em><\/p><cite>Johann\u00e8s Widmer describing a scene, Widmer, 1919, pp 14\u201315<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tracing-nature-grid-frame\">Tracing nature: grid frame<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>In order to capture a figure precisely, Hodler placed a frame spanned with a net out of cords in front of the model. With this he was able to transfer the figure to the corresponding line grid on the canvas or paper. In his view, that net frame was an important tool, and it has been described by several visitors to his studio. The line grid even remains partially visible in the finished painting and can be revealed by technological means. Ferdinand Hodler described his approach in a sketchbook. When asked by an artist-colleague how he had managed to depict a knight in the Marignano frescoes so well, he replied: \u201cI depicted him through the net, millimetre by millimetre.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>An analysis of all the paintings as of the mid-1890s on which Hodler worked directly with a model show net frame lines, unlike the copies of a motif which he made by hand. To date however, no <em>Woocutter<\/em> painting has been examined technologically.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"1490\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1868 \/ 1490;\" width=\"1868\" autoplay controls muted src=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizzenhfeft.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption>Net frame in Hodler\u2019s sketchbook: Carnets Hodler, 1958-0176-226, S. 14\/15, MAH Mus\u00e9e d\u2019art et d\u2019histoire, Ville de Gen\u00e8ve, \u00a9 Mus\u00e9e d&#8217;art et d&#8217;histoire, Ville de Gen\u00e8ve, Foto: Olivier Pasqual<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"enlargements-transfer-lines\">Enlargements: Transfer lines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Die Zeichnung in der Sammlung des Museo Villa dei Cedri ist ebenfalls mit einem The drawing in the collection of the Museo Villa dei Cedri also has a line grid. These are transfer lines used when transferring a motif from one painting to another, usually in a larger format. For example, alongside countless drawings and sketches of <em>The Woodcutter<\/em> there are three known formats which Hodler certainly transferred and enlarged in this way<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-599x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-599x1024.jpg 599w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-176x300.jpg 176w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-768x1312.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-860x1469.jpg 860w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-420x718.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-255x436.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri-530x906.jpg 530w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/skizze-cedri.jpg 872w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><figcaption>Ferdinand Hodler, <em>Woodcutter<\/em>, 1910, graphit on cardboard, 41.6 \u00d7 25.4 cm, Museo Villa dei Cedri, Bellinzona<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-797x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-548\" title=\"Foto: SIK-ISEA Z\u00fcrich\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-797x1024.jpg 797w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-768x986.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-860x1104.jpg 860w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-420x539.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-255x327.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza-530x681.jpg 530w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/1438-lonza.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><figcaption>Ferdinand Hodler, <em>The Woodcutter<\/em>, c. 1910, oil on paper on canvas, 134 \u00d7 107 cm, CR 1438, Lonza AG, Basel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"replication\">Replication<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When transferring a motif in the same size, as was often the case with <em>The Woodcutter<\/em>, Hodler also used tracing: he placed transparent paper on the picture and traced the figure. He then transferred the outlines to the ground coat of a new version, either by scoring it directly into the grounding, or copying it on the back of the tracing paper using graphite. Hodler also made a stock of tracings so as to be able to repeat a motif at will, in case the original painting was sold. His copies are painted differently to the respective initial picture in the series. The brushwork is swifter and more direct and aimed totally at the greatest efficiency. Yet Hodler did not distinguish between the first painting in a series and the subsequent ones. Often the second, third or tenth version even seemed better to him because it was done with greater control and he could learn from the earlier versions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-special-knowledge-of-the-self-taught-artist\">The special knowledge of the self-taught artist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>\u00dcTransfer lines were also used by other artists in the 19<sup>th<\/sup> and 20<sup>th<\/sup> centuries, such as Robert Z\u00fcnd or Cuno Amiet. Net lines, by contrast, used since the Renaissance to transfer nature onto a painting, were not customary for individual figures in Hodler\u2019s day. As a painting tool, they violated the aspiration of an academic training in which nude drawing was practised extensively.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-1024x380.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-557\" title=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:D%C3%BCrer,_Albrecht_-_Der_Zeichner_des_liegenden_Weibes,_1512%E2%80%931525.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-1024x380.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-768x285.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-860x319.jpg 860w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-420x156.jpg 420w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-1380x512.jpg 1380w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-255x95.jpg 255w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525-530x197.jpg 530w, https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/duerer-zeichner-liegenden-weibes-1512-1525.jpg 1490w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Albrecht D\u00fcrer, <em>Draughtsman drawing a Recumbent Woman<\/em>, 1515\u20131525, wood print, 7.5 \u00d7 21.5 cm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Hodler had not had that kind of training, but was familiar instead with copying processes. As a school pupil he already worked in his step-father Gottlieb Sch\u00fcpbach\u2019s workshop for decorative painting. Transfer lines were still customary in that profession up to the end of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century.<br><br>During his apprenticeship with the veduta painter Ferdinand Sommer, Hodler copied landscapes by other artists. Sommer\u2019s workshop strove for efficiency; production was almost factory-like, and later Hodler emphasised the simplification of the working methods as a positive feature. Hodler\u2019s open and pragmatic handling of technical aids therefore, had to do with his personal experience. He considered the rejection of them to be false shame, \u201cpompous\u201d or \u201cbluff\u201d. In his view, they guaranteed precision and meant time-saving, which no artist should forgo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ferdinand Hodler was meticulous in his approach to his motifs, after all, his main concern was to reproduce nature precisely. In the interests of his pictorial ideas he tried out and measured up several models. And he also urged his artist-colleagues to check the measurements. There is evidence that for The Woodcutter he tested a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":360,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-985","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Painting technique - Hodlers Holzf\u00e4ller | Kunstmuseum Luzern<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hodler2021.ch\/en\/hodlers-holzfaeller\/technique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Painting technique - Hodlers Holzf\u00e4ller | Kunstmuseum Luzern\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ferdinand Hodler was meticulous in his approach to his motifs, after all, his main concern was to reproduce nature precisely. 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In the interests of his pictorial ideas he tried out and measured up several models. And he also urged his artist-colleagues to check the measurements. 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